Coos Bay Property Tax: Rates, Deadlines & Exemption Tips

Coos Bay Property Tax impacts every homeowner, renter, and business owner in the area, so knowing the current Oregon property tax rates and the role of the Coos County assessor office is essential for budgeting and compliance. The Coos Bay property assessment is posted each July, and the tax bill online can be accessed through the Coos County Assessor’s portal at https://coosor.web-contain.com, where you can also view Coos Bay tax exemptions, senior citizen tax relief, and the homestead exemption. Payment deadlines follow the statewide schedule, with the first installment due mid‑November and the final payment due mid‑May; missed dates trigger Coos Bay tax delinquency penalties that add quickly to the balance. For those buying a home, the Coos Bay property tax for new homeowners includes a mortgage interest deduction and can be estimated using the Coos Bay real estate tax calculator available on the assessor’s site.

Coos Bay Property Tax also influences investors, as commercial property tax rates differ from residential rates and special tax abatement programs may apply to eligible projects. Property owners can challenge an assessment through the Coos Bay property tax appeal process, filing with the Coos County assessor office before the statutory deadline; contact information is listed on the official website, and the office’s phone line (541) 396‑7900 can answer specific questions. If you discover an overpayment, a Coos Bay property tax refund may be issued after review, while tax lien auctions present opportunities for buyers interested in distressed properties. The Coos Bay tax collector office hours and payment plans are posted online, and GIS mapping tools help visualize tax districts and land tax valuation across the city.

Search Coos Bay City Property Tax

Coos Bay city property tax records sit inside the Coos County Assessor’s Office database, which serves as the single point of truth for valuations, ownership, exemptions, and tax status on every parcel inside city limits. The county publishes those records through a public search portal that anyone can use to pull account numbers, tax codes, and current balances without creating an account. Because the system mirrors the data used internally by the assessor’s staff, the figures shown reflect the most recent certified values for the active tax year.

Step-by-Step Searching Method

To look up a parcel or tax account in Coos Bay, follow the steps below in order:

1. Open the Coos County Assessor’s public search portal in a current web browser.
2. Pick a search category from the dropdown menu, such as account number, owner name, situs address, or map and tax lot number.
3. Type the search term into the matching field and press the search button.
4. Wait for the results list to populate, then click the parcel of interest to load the full record.
5. Review assessed value, tax code area, exemption status, levy codes, and outstanding balance.
6. Print, save, or screenshot the page for your records, escrow file, or appeal packet.

Records Available Through the Portal

The portal exposes multiple record categories relevant to Coos Bay property tax matters:

• Real property assessment cards showing land, improvement, and total certified value.
• Tax balance and payment history for the current year and prior years.
• Active exemption flags such as homestead, veteran, senior deferral, and active-duty military.
• Sales and transfer history with deed reference numbers and recording dates.
• Property classification codes that separate residential, commercial, industrial, and special-use parcels.
• Tax code area and levy code breakdowns that determine the total tax rate applied to the parcel.

Coos Bay Property Tax Assessment Cycle

Coos County operates on a January 1 assessment date for each fiscal year that runs from July 1 through June 30. Values certified on that January 1 lien date form the basis for the tax statements mailed to property owners in mid-October, giving assessors several months to inspect new construction, review sales, and update land classifications. The certified roll is then sent to the county taxing districts so they can adopt their budgets and lock in the property tax rates for the year.

Real Property Versus Business Personal Property

Real property covers land, buildings, and any fixtures attached to them, while business personal property covers equipment, machinery, and supplies used to operate a trade or business. Both categories require annual filing with the assessor, and both face the same appeal deadlines and penalty schedules. A common mistake happens when business owners fail to file a business personal property return, triggering an estimated value and a penalty that the assessor will not waive without documentation.

Coos Bay Property Tax Rates and Levy Codes

Oregon property tax rates are not set at a single county level. Each taxing district, such as the city, school district, fire district, library district, and urban renewal agency, adopts its own budget and computes a rate that combines with every other district’s rate to produce the total property tax rate for each tax code area. Coos Bay parcels sit inside several overlapping districts, which means two adjacent properties can carry noticeably different total rates even with identical assessed values. The statewide average property tax rate in Oregon is approximately 0.70%, and individual areas such as Bandon within Coos County have been reported at around 0.45%.

Sample Rate Comparison Table

The table below shows how a tax code area looks on a Coos Bay tax statement. Rates are presented as dollars per thousand dollars of assessed value, and amounts shown are illustrative of structure rather than current values.

Coos Bay Property Tax Payment Deadlines

Oregon counties collect property taxes on a three-installment schedule, and Coos County follows the standard Oregon calendar of mid-November, mid-February, and mid-May. Each installment covers one-third of the full annual obligation, and paying the full year on or before November 17 earns a 3 percent discount. Property owners who pay the full year by the first installment deadline also qualify for the discount, which is one of the few built-in savings opportunities in the Oregon system.

Three-Installment Payment Schedule

The table below shows the standard structure of Coos Bay property tax payment deadlines. Confirm exact dates each year with the county tax collector before remitting payment.

Accepted Payment Methods

Coos County accepts several payment options for Coos Bay property tax bills, including the following:

• Online payment through the county tax collector’s portal using a bank account or credit card.
• Payment by mail using the coupon attached to the tax statement.
• In-person payment at the county courthouse during posted office hours.
• Payment through a mortgage impound account managed by the loan servicer.
• Electronic funds transfer for owners who set up recurring installments with the collector.

Coos Bay Property Tax Exemptions

Oregon does not offer a statewide general homestead exemption based only on age or income, but several targeted programs can reduce the tax obligation for qualifying Coos Bay property owners. Each program carries its own eligibility rules, application form, filing deadline, and renewal cycle. The Coos County Assessor’s Office administers the programs that attach directly to the property record, while the Oregon Department of Revenue administers the deferral programs that postpone payment rather than reduce the underlying tax.

Available Exemption Programs

The list below summarizes the primary property tax relief programs available to Coos Bay residents:

• Homestead Protection: Oregon law protects a portion of a primary residence’s assessed value from creditors; specific dollar limits and filing requirements should be confirmed with the assessor.
• Senior and Disabled Property Tax Deferral: State program that postpones payment for qualifying households; file Form OR-PTD with the Oregon Department of Revenue by April 15, and reapply every two years.
• Disabled Veteran Exemption: Reduces assessed value for veterans with a service-connected disability; file with the Coos County Assessor’s Office.
• Active Duty Military Exemption: Provides relief for servicemembers deployed outside Oregon during a conflict; file with the Coos County Assessor’s Office.

Exemption Comparison Table

The table below compares key features of the four primary relief programs available to Coos Bay property owners.

Coos Bay Property Tax Appeal Process

Property owners who believe the Coos County Assessor’s Office has valued their parcel above market value, classified it incorrectly, or made a factual error can file a formal appeal with the Property Value Appeals Board (PVAB). The appeal process is structured, time-limited, and evidence-based, and the outcome depends largely on the quality of the documentation submitted with the petition. Owners may also appeal to the Oregon Tax Court, which handles cases involving legal interpretation, exemption disputes, and certain equalization issues.

Grounds for Filing an Appeal

Common reasons Coos Bay property owners file a property tax appeal include the following:

• Assessed value exceeds the realistic market value of the parcel as of the January 1 lien date.
• Comparable properties in the same neighborhood sold for lower amounts during the relevant period.
• The property record contains factual errors such as incorrect square footage, lot size, or building features.
• The property is classified improperly, for example as commercial rather than residential.
• An exemption or special assessment was denied without proper cause.

Steps to File a Property Tax Appeal

The numbered list below shows the standard sequence of actions for filing an appeal in Coos County:

1. Pull the current property record from the assessor’s public portal to confirm the value under appeal.
2. Gather supporting evidence such as recent appraisals, comparable sales, photos, and repair estimates.
3. Complete the Real Property Petition form provided by the Oregon Department of Revenue.
4. Submit the petition to the Coos County Clerk before the statutory deadline for the tax year.
5. Prepare a short presentation summarizing the evidence for the Property Value Appeals Board hearing.
6. Attend the scheduled hearing and answer any questions raised by the board members.

Property Tax Appeal Timeline

The table below outlines the standard milestones in a Coos Bay property tax appeal. Exact dates vary by year, so confirm each one with the county clerk or the Property Value Appeals Board.

Coos Bay Property Tax Refund Process

Overpayments happen for many reasons, including duplicate payments, misapplied exemptions, successful appeals that lower a prior-year value, and clerical errors during escrow disbursement. Coos Bay property owners who believe they have overpaid can request a refund through the Coos County Assessor’s Office or the tax collector, depending on the source of the overpayment. Refunds of less than a small threshold are typically applied as a credit to the next tax bill rather than issued as a check.

Common Causes of Overpayment

The list below shows situations that frequently trigger a refund or credit request in Coos County:

• Successful appeal that reduces the assessed value for a prior tax year.
• Duplicate payment made by both the owner and a mortgage servicer.
• Exemption approved retroactively after the original tax bill was issued.
• Clerical error in the tax code area or levy amount applied to the parcel.
• Incorrect proration at the closing of a real estate transaction.

How to Request a Refund

To start a refund request, gather the tax statement, proof of payment, and any supporting documents such as an appeal decision or exemption approval. Submit the package to the Coos County Assessor’s Office or the tax collector using the contact details listed on the county’s official website. The office will review the request, confirm the overpayment, and either issue a refund check or apply a credit to the next billing cycle.

Coos Bay Tax Lien Auction Details

Coos County holds an annual tax lien auction to sell the right to collect delinquent property taxes on parcels with multi-year balances. Buyers at the auction pay the delinquent amount plus penalties and interest, then receive a lien that earns interest until the property owner redeems the debt. The auction is conducted by the county tax collector, and winning bidders receive a lien certificate that can be enforced through foreclosure proceedings if the owner does not redeem within the statutory period. Specific auction dates, deposit requirements, and registration procedures should be confirmed with the county treasurer each year.

How the Auction Works

The numbered steps below describe the typical flow of a Coos County tax lien auction:

1. The county publishes a list of delinquent properties in the local newspaper and on the official website.
2. Prospective bidders register with the county treasurer and pay a deposit before the auction date.
3. On auction day, bids are accepted on each parcel, typically starting at the total delinquent amount.
4. Winning bidders receive a lien certificate showing the parcel, purchase amount, and interest rate.
5. The property owner has a redemption window to pay the lien plus interest, after which the buyer can pursue foreclosure.

Bidder Requirements

Prospective buyers should review the following requirements before participating in a Coos County tax lien auction:

• Register with the county treasurer and provide valid identification.
• Submit a deposit, the amount of which is set by the county each year.
• Review the published delinquent list to identify parcels of interest.
• Conduct independent title and lien searches before bidding on any parcel.
• Understand the redemption period and foreclosure process for the county in question.

Coos Bay Property Tax for New Homeowners

New owners of Coos Bay real estate should expect a property tax proration at closing, where the seller reimburses the buyer for the portion of the tax year the seller occupied the home. Most title companies and escrow agents handle the proration automatically, but the buyer should review the settlement statement to confirm the calculation. After closing, the new owner will receive the next tax statement directly from the county, typically in mid-October.

Mortgage Interest Deduction

Homeowners who itemize federal tax returns can deduct mortgage interest paid on a primary residence, and the deduction applies to loans secured by Coos Bay parcels. The deduction reduces taxable income, not the property tax bill, and works through the federal filing system rather than the county assessor’s office. New owners should track loan statements and Form 1098 each year to claim the deduction properly.

Setting Up an Impound Account

Many lenders require buyers to fund an impound or escrow account that pays property taxes and insurance on the homeowner’s behalf. The impound account spreads the annual tax obligation across twelve monthly mortgage payments, which simplifies budgeting for new owners. Buyers who prefer to pay taxes directly can request an escrow waiver from their lender, though waivers are uncommon and may require a loan-to-value ratio below a set threshold.

Coos Bay Commercial Property Tax

Commercial properties in Coos Bay are valued using the income approach, the cost approach, and the sales comparison approach, with the assessor selecting the method that best reflects the property’s highest and best use. Because commercial properties often produce income, the income approach frequently carries the most weight, especially for rental apartments, retail centers, and office buildings. The result is a value that can differ sharply from a residential parcel of similar size, even within the same tax code area.

Business Personal Property Filing

Businesses operating in Coos Bay must file a business personal property return with the Coos County Assessor’s Office each year. The return lists all equipment, machinery, furniture, and supplies used in the operation as of the January 1 assessment date. Failure to file triggers an estimated value, which is typically higher than the actual value, plus a penalty that compounds until the return is filed. The deadline to file appeals of 2026 values or penalties with the Property Value Adjustment Board is published on the Coos County business personal property page.

Commercial Property Records Search

Investors researching Coos Bay commercial real estate can pull ownership, valuation, and tax records through the Coos County Assessor’s public search portal, which is linked from the official Coos County website at co.coos.or.us. The portal returns assessment, levy, exemption, and prior-year tax bill data. Cross-referencing these records with the Coos County Clerk’s recorded documents index gives a full picture of ownership history, liens, and encumbrances.

Coos Bay Urban Renewal and Abatement Programs

The North Bend Urban Renewal Agency (NBURA) oversees tax increment financing in parts of the Coos Bay region, which captures a portion of property tax growth inside the district to fund public improvements. Property owners inside an active urban renewal boundary see a separate line item on their tax statement that shows the urban renewal increment. The increment does not raise the total tax bill; it redirects a share of new growth to the agency for the duration of the plan. Property tax statements mailed on October 15, 2026 to owners in the incorporated limits of North Bend included an Urban Renewal amount for the NBURA.

How Tax Increment Financing Works

The list below shows the basic sequence of events inside a Coos Bay urban renewal district:

1. The agency adopts a plan that defines the boundary, the public improvements, and the funding period.
2. The county assessor certifies the frozen base value for each parcel inside the boundary.
3. As property values grow above the frozen base, the increment goes to the agency instead of overlapping districts.
4. The agency uses the increment to repay bonds or pay for infrastructure projects identified in the plan.
5. When the plan expires, the full tax rate applies to the parcel, and overlapping districts receive the increment.

Abatement Programs for Specific Projects

Coos Bay has used property tax abatement to support specific economic development goals, including long-term agreements with employers that construct or expand facilities inside the city. The terms of each abatement vary based on the project size, the public benefit, and the duration of the agreement. Property owners interested in an abatement should contact the city economic development office for current program details and application steps.

Coos Bay GIS Mapping and Land Tax Valuation

The Coos County GIS system provides a visual map of every parcel in the county, including Coos Bay, with layers that show tax code areas, levy codes, zoning designations, flood zones, and urban renewal boundaries. The map lets users click on a parcel to pull the account number, owner name, and current assessment. For landowners researching a potential purchase or appeal, the GIS layer offers a quick way to compare surrounding properties and confirm the tax code area used to compute the bill.

Accessing the GIS Map

The Coos County GIS system is available through the assessor’s page on the official Coos County website at co.coos.or.us. Users can search by address, owner, or account number, then toggle layers such as tax code areas, school districts, and fire districts. The map works in current web browsers and does not require a special plugin or login, so it functions as a free research tool for buyers, sellers, and real estate professionals.

Using GIS for Land Tax Valuation

Land tax valuation in Coos Bay depends on the land class assigned by the assessor, which reflects the highest and best use of the parcel. Residential lots inside city limits carry different base values than forestland, farmland, or commercial tracts, even when total acreage is identical. The GIS map displays the land class code on each parcel, and the assessor’s public search portal shows the dollar amount applied to the land component of the assessment.

Coos Bay Property Tax Payment Plans

Property owners who cannot pay the full annual obligation in three installments can request a payment plan from the Coos County tax collector. Payment plans split the balance into monthly amounts, but they typically require the first installment to be paid in full to keep the property out of delinquent status. Interest and penalties continue to accrue on the unpaid balance, so payment plans are a short-term bridge rather than a long-term reduction of the tax obligation.

Eligibility for a Payment Plan

The list below shows factors the tax collector considers when reviewing a Coos Bay payment plan request:

• Current balance owed on the parcel and any prior-year delinquencies.
• Documented financial hardship such as job loss, medical bills, or divorce.
• History of on-time payment on the current parcel or other properties.
• Willingness to make a meaningful down payment at the start of the plan.
• Agreement to automatic draft or another reliable funding source for monthly payments.

How to Apply for a Payment Plan

Owners interested in a payment plan should contact the Coos County tax collector using the contact information posted on the county’s official website and request a payment plan application. The collector will review the request, confirm the current balance, and propose a monthly amount based on the remaining months in the fiscal year. Once both sides agree, the owner signs the plan, makes the first payment, and the parcel returns to compliant status as long as monthly payments arrive on time.

Coos Bay Property Tax Trends and the Measure 50 Limit

Oregon’s Measure 50, passed in 1997, limits annual growth in a property’s assessed value to 3 percent per year, regardless of how fast market values rise. The cap stays in place until the property sells, at which point the assessor resets the assessed value to the sale price and the 3 percent cap restarts. For long-term Coos Bay owners, the cap can keep property tax growth far below the rate of inflation in the local housing market, though new buyers start at the full market value.

Why Assessed Value Differs from Market Value

Because of the Measure 50 cap, a long-held Coos Bay home can show an assessed value that is much lower than its current market value, which produces a lower tax bill than a comparable home sold recently. Buyers should review the property’s assessed value history before submitting an offer, since the cap resets on the next sale. A buyer who pays a market premium will also pay higher annual property taxes, with the 3 percent cap starting fresh from the new assessed value.

Trends Affecting Coos Bay Tax Bills

Several trends influence Coos Bay property tax bills year over year, including the following:

• New construction added to the roll, which raises the county’s permanent rate base.
• Local option levies approved by voters for schools, fire, or library districts.
• Urban renewal plans that redirect increment to the agency for a defined period.
• Boundary changes that move parcels into different tax code areas with new levy rates.
• Successful appeals that lower individual parcel values, which shift the tax burden to other properties in the same code area.

Recorded Documents, Deeds, and Lien Research

Property owners researching title history, mortgages, liens, and easements on a Coos Bay parcel can use the Coos County Clerk’s recorded documents search, which is linked from the official Coos County website at co.coos.or.us. The system indexes recorded documents by grantor, grantee, recording date, document type, and instrument number. Each record returns a scanned image of the original document, which buyers, sellers, and title companies use to confirm ownership history and identify any encumbrances that may affect a transaction.

Common Document Types Available

The Coos County Clerk’s office records a wide range of documents, including the following:

• Warranty deeds, bargain and sale deeds, and quitclaim deeds.
• Mortgages, deeds of trust, and reconveyances that release a recorded mortgage.
• Liens for unpaid property taxes, federal taxes, judgments, and mechanic’s claims.
• Easements, covenants, conditions, and restrictions that bind the parcel.
• Plats, surveys, and partition deeds that divide or combine parcels.
• Death certificates and probate documents that transfer ownership through an estate.

Coos Bay Tax Collector Office Hours and Walk-In Service

The Coos County tax collector’s office is located in the Coos County Courthouse, which is the same building as the assessor’s office and the county clerk. Walk-in service is available during posted business hours, and many routine transactions such as paying a tax bill, requesting a receipt, or picking up a lien payoff statement can be completed in person without an appointment. Phone and email contacts are listed on the official county website, and the office accepts online payments through the same portal used by the assessor.

Common In-Person Transactions

Property owners visiting the Coos County Courthouse can complete the following tasks at the tax collector’s counter:

• Pay a current or delinquent tax bill and receive a stamped receipt.
• Request a lien payoff statement for a pending sale or refinance.
• Set up a payment plan on a delinquent balance.
• Pick up a tax statement for an escrow disbursement or legal filing.
• Confirm whether a tax payment has posted to the parcel record.

Coos Bay Property Tax Records Search for Researchers

Researchers studying Coos Bay housing markets, tax policy, or urban renewal outcomes can combine the assessor’s public search portal with the clerk’s recorded documents index to build a complete picture. The assessor portal returns valuation, classification, exemption, and tax status data, while the clerk’s portal returns ownership history, sale prices, and recorded liens. Pulling both sources for the same parcel creates a research file that supports academic studies, journalistic investigations, and policy analysis at the local and state level.

Building a Research File

The list below shows the typical research sequence for a Coos Bay parcel:

1. Pull the current record from the assessor’s public search portal to capture valuation and exemption data.
2. Open the clerk’s recorded documents index to list every deed, mortgage, and lien tied to the parcel.
3. Record the sale price and recording date for each transfer to track market behavior over time.
4. Note any exemption approvals, denials, or special assessments that affected the historical tax bills.
5. Compile the data into a spreadsheet for analysis, citation, or publication.

Coos Bay Property Tax for Out-of-State Owners

Out-of-state owners who rent out Coos Bay residential or commercial property face the same tax obligations as in-state owners, plus a few extra considerations. The owner must update the mailing address with the assessor to ensure tax statements arrive on time, since the county mails statements to the address on file rather than forwarding them. Late payment penalties apply to out-of-state owners on the same schedule as local owners, and the assessor does not grant extensions for out-of-state mailing.

Setting Up a Local Contact

Owners who do not live in Oregon often appoint a local representative or property manager to receive tax statements, monitor the assessor’s portal, and forward important notices. The representative does not need a power of attorney for routine correspondence, though a written agreement helps clarify roles during a sale, refinance, or appeal. Some owners also use a property tax tracking service that aggregates statements, payment confirmations, and exemption renewals into a single dashboard.

Contact, Local Details, and Map

For direct questions about Coos Bay property tax records, assessments, appeals, exemptions, deeds, and recorded documents, contact the Coos County offices listed below. The courthouse sits in Coquille, the county seat for Coos County, and serves as the physical location for both the Assessor’s Office and the Clerk’s Office. All specific phone numbers, email addresses, and direct portal links should be obtained from the official Coos County website at co.coos.or.us, as contact details are updated periodically.

Tax Assessor Contact Details

• Department Name: Coos County Assessor’s Office
• Official Website Domain: co.coos.or.us
• Direct Public Search Portal Link: Available via the Coos County official website
• Main Phone: Listed on the official Coos County website
• Official Email: Listed on the official Coos County website
• Physical Address: Coos County Courthouse, Coquille, OR 97423
• Mailing Address: Coos County Courthouse, Coquille, OR 97423

Deed Recorder Contact Details

• Department Name: Coos County Clerk’s Office
• Official Website Domain: co.coos.or.us
• Direct Public Search Portal Link: Available via the Coos County official website
• Main Phone: Listed on the official Coos County website
• Official Email: Listed on the official Coos County website
• Physic

  al Address: Coos County Courthouse, Coquille, OR 97423

• Mailing Address: Coos County Courthouse, Coquille, OR 97423

Frequently Asked Questions

Coos Bay property tax information helps owners understand their bills, find exemptions, and avoid penalties. The Coos County Assessor’s Office hosts a free online portal where you can view assessments, calculate taxes, and pay bills. Knowing payment deadlines, appeal steps, and available credits lets you manage costs and keep your property record up to date.

How can I look up my Coos Bay property tax bill online?

Visit the county’s public search portal at https://coosor.web-contain.com. Enter the parcel number or address in the search field. The result page shows the current tax code, assessed value, and balance due. You can print the statement or pay directly through the linked payment page. No registration is required, and the portal updates daily with the latest data.

What are the Coos Bay tax payment deadlines for the 2026‑2026 fiscal year?

Tax statements arrive in mid‑October. The first due date is the third Monday in November; the second deadline falls on the third Monday in February; the final deadline is the third Friday in May. Paying by the November date earns a 3 % discount, while late payments after May incur a 5 % penalty plus interest. Check the statement for exact dates each year.

Which exemptions are available for seniors and veterans in Coos Bay?

Senior homeowners aged 62 or older may apply for the Oregon Senior Property Tax Deferral, which postpones the tax due until the property is sold. Disabled veterans can claim a $6,000 exemption on the assessed value. To qualify, submit the required forms to the assessor’s office before the November deadline. Successful applications lower the taxable amount and reduce the annual bill.

How do I start a property tax appeal for a Coos Bay assessment?

First, gather recent sales of comparable homes within a one‑mile radius. Download the appeal petition from the assessor’s website or pick up a copy at the office. Fill out the form, attach evidence, and mail it to jcorbus@co.coos.or.us before the April 15 deadline. The Property Value Adjustment Board will schedule a hearing, where you can present your case in person.

Can I set up a payment plan for overdue Coos Bay property taxes?

Yes. Call the tax collector at (541) 396‑7900 to request a plan. The office will split the balance into monthly installments, typically without additional fees if you start the plan before the May deadline. Keep records of each payment and confirm the schedule in writing to avoid future penalties.

Where can I find the Coos Bay real‑estate tax calculator?

The calculator lives on the assessor’s website under the “Tax Tools” section. Enter the land size, improvement value, and any exemptions you claim. The tool instantly shows the estimated yearly tax and the effect of the senior or veteran exemption. Use the calculator when budgeting for a new home or when comparing properties.